Sunday, December 29, 2019

Can You Shatter a Glass with Your Voice

Fact or Fiction?: You can shatter a glass using just your voice.Fact. If you generate a sound, with your voice or another instrument that matches the resonant frequency of the glass, you produce constructive interference, increasing the vibration of the glass. If the vibration exceeds the strength of the bonds holding the molecules together, youll shatter the glass. This is simple physics -- easy to understand, but harder to actually do. Is it possible? Yes! Mythbusters actually covered this in one of their episodes and made a YouTube video of a singer shattering a wine glass. While a crystal wine glass is used, its a rock singer who accomplishes the feat, proving you dont have to be an opera singer to do it. You just have to hit the right pitch and you have to be loud. If you dont have a loud voice, you can use an amplifier. Shatter a Glass With Your Voice Ready to give it a try? Heres what you do: Put on safety glasses. Youre going to shatter a glass and youll likely have your face close to it when it breaks. Minimize the risk of getting cut!If youre using a microphone and amplifier, its a good idea to wear ear protection and turn the amplifier away from you.Tap a crystal glass or rub a damp finger along the rim of the glass to hear its pitch. Wine glasses work particularly well because they usually consist of thin glass.Sing an ah sound at the same pitch as the glass. If you arent using a microphone, youll probably need the glass close to your mouth since the intensity of the sound energy diminishes with distance.Increase the volume and duration of the sound until the glass shatters. Be aware, it may take multiple tries, plus some glasses are much easier to shatter than others!Carefully dispose of the broken glass. Tips for Success If you arent sure the glass is vibrating or that you have the right pitch, you can place a straw in the glass. Slide your pitch up and down until you see the straw shake. That is the pitch you want!While they are more fragile and its easier to match the precise pitch of a crystal glass, there is some evidence its easier to break ordinary cheap glass. Crystal glasses require 100 decibels to shatter because they are... well... crystal. Ordinary glass is an amorphous solid that may be easier to disrupt (80-90 decibels). Dont discard a glass for your project just because it isnt crystal.If you cant match the pitch of the glass, be aware you can break the glass by singing an octave lower or higher than its frequency. Have you broken a glass with your voice? Source Resnick and Halliday (1977). Physics (3rd ed.). John Wiley Sons. p. 324. ISBN 9780471717164.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Symbolism Of Ophelia s Hamlet - 1500 Words

Prescribed Question: How could the text be read and interpreted differently by two different readers? Text Analyzed: Shakespeare’s Hamlet Part of the Course to Which the Text Corresponds to: Part 4 Thesis: In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, Ophelia’s role would be interpreted as a plot device by a modern English woman and as a victim by an Elizabethan woman. This would occur because of their understanding of the symbolism of Ophelia’s actions in madness, the context surrounding Hamlet’s view of her, and their characterization of Ophelia. Argument 1 Topic Sentence: The two readers would interpret the symbolism of Ophelia’s actions in madness differently according to their understanding of Elizabethan customs. Evidence/Analysis Summary: â€Å"There’s fennel for you, and columbines. There’s rue for you. And here’s some for me [†¦] I would give you some violets, but they all withered when my father died.† (IV:v:178-184) Modern woman: Surface interpretation- no concept of the flowers, which provide context for her purpose. This removes Ophelia’s depth as a character, and merely portrays her as crazy and a plot device to reunite the cast. Elizabethan woman: Would grasp the context, and understand the value of the flowers, and Ophelia’s understanding of the events at Elsinore. They would understand her role as being a victim of the evil in the court. Argument 2 Topic Sentence: Hamlet’s view of Ophelia would be interpreted differently because of the cultural contextShow MoreRelatedSymbolism And Theme Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1341 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet s Symbolism and Theme The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare absolutely contains plenty of symbolism and themes. The play Hamlet properly utilizes symbolism and themes of tragedy and betrayal throughout the play to set the main theme known as death. The connection of the elements of themes and symbolism truly help capture the essence of the play. Hamlet is truly enriched with important characters that somehow also include symbolism and importance in their role in the play. The play integratedRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Othello1461 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare playwrights cleverly provide the ability to generate and develop symbolism to another state. Shakespeare plays discuss a sense of morality and tend to focus on the psychological state of the character that end in these misfortunate tragedies. Like most Shakespearean plays the characters struggles with internal conflicts that are imperative to the way he or she thinks, their personal beliefs and motives. The personal struggle these c haracters are face upon is conveyed throughRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1494 Words   |  6 Pageshappen to them. A prime example of this ideology is found in the play Hamlet. Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, was composed in 1601 following the death of Shakespeare’s son, Hamlet. The play focuses on the prince of Denmark, Hamlet, as he discovers the truth about his father s death and the events that follow. Shortly after the death of Hamlet’s father, Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, marries Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius. Hamlet does not agree with the marriage of his mother and his uncle and he frequentlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Female Characters1232 Words   |  5 PagesKatherine Sosa. Julie Clifton. April 22, 2015 Shakespeare s Female Characters. The English playwright and poet William Shakespeare is generally known to be one of the greatest English writers and creators of all time. However, his works open themselves up to interpretation, whether in historical context or symbolism; they lend themselves to every readers individual response. In this research paper I will be addressing patriarchy, his treatment of female characters as commodityRead MoreHamlet : Jungian Perspectives On Psychology And Religion1558 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet: Jungian Perspectives The term consciousness refers to your individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations and environment† (Kendra Cherry, http://psychology.about.com). Our unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of awareness but that nevertheless have a great influence on behavior. The influence of Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist Carl Gustav Jung’s work in analytical psychology has never been more prominentRead MoreLiterary Techniques Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the literary masterpiece Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of literary techniques contributes significantly to the development of the theme. The story of Hamlet belongs to a tradition of revenge tragedies that were familiar to the Elizabethan audiences. The theme of the play is: when one’s actions are tainted with corruption, their actions can result in others seeking revenge for the pleasures of gratification. The literary technique of parallelism contributes to the developmentRead MoreHamletÂ’s Intelligence Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThere can be no denying that Hamlet displays extreme intelligence. This was inevitable, as he was accepted and educated at the prestigious University of Wittenberg. The only reason he left the u niversity was to attend his fathers funeral, and he planned to return after it was through. He delayed his plans only at the request of his mother, and did that grudgingly. The most noticeable demonstration of Hamlets intelligence shows in his fondness for puns. Breaking out of commonly accepted speechRead MoreShakespeares Presentation of Ophelia Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Ophelia As one of only two women in the play, it is perhaps surprising that Ophelias character is presented as being so very unsubstantial and passive. In particular, Ophelia fails to express any points of view and her only clear emotions are fear (after Hamlets reported visit to her) and regret (at Hamlets rejection of her). Furthermore, she never demands any freedom, nor questions Polonius curt and misplaced Read MoreThe, No Scene Of Violence Exists For Its Own Sake1350 Words   |  6 Pagesinstead advance the plot and reinforce the symbolism of both the characters’ actions as well as the truth of what the composer or author is trying to convey. This is especially true of acts of violence; great literature must carefully articulate the violence into a logical meaning. Most importantly, violence and acts of extreme passion work best when communicating a character’s inner-struggles as they relate to the motive and effect of each scene and action. Hamlet is as much a story of emotional conflictRead MoreHamlet s Attempt For Pursue Revenge Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesor lesson. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, there are quite a few lessons. The moral that the play conveys the most is the path of revenge has destructive consequences.Hamlet’s pursues revenge at all cost but the justice he seeks leads to tragedy. Hamlet’s attempt to pursue revenge did not result in justice because it had negative consequences on all the characters involved. To understand the meaning behind a piece of work such as the Theatrical play of Hamlet, the audience can gather a better idea

Friday, December 13, 2019

Between Subjects Design Free Essays

Between-subjects Designs Instructions Psychology students need to learn how to look at each factor within a study and the Interaction between those factors. This assignment will assist students In learning how to understand this concept: 1) For this assignment, you will test the following hypotheses: a) Frequent users of Backbone will have a significantly different level of self-esteem than infrequent users of Backbone. I) Definition of Frequent users- spend 2 hours a day on Backbone. We will write a custom essay sample on Between Subjects Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now II) Definition of Infrequent users- spend less than 2 hours a day on Backbone. ) Module 2: Part I – Survey ) Each team member will access and complete the â€Å"Backbone Survey. † Save the survey results for the next part of this assignment. 3) Module 4: Part II – Data Collection a) Collect data from the surveys of each team member: b) Locate all the answers to the questions specifically about self-esteem: l) Self- esteem Question #s- c) Hold onto the survey results for the next part of the assignment. 4) Module 6: Final Study a) part Ill -T-Test I) As a team, you will use data you compiled (means from the average scores- self- esteem questions only) from the surveys to calculate a T-test on the two groups: (1) Frequent users of Backbone- separate mean (2) Infrequent users of Backbone. – separate mean b) part – F-Orator l) use the data you compiled from the surveys to calculate an F- ratio on the 4 groups (4 means to calculate): (1) Male- Frequent/lunette-separate means (2) Female- Frequent/lunette separate means [If your group consists of members of the same sex, then use ages to separate the groups: For instance, â€Å"under-30, over-30, etc. â€Å"] c) Part V- Compile the team’s final results into a study (750-1,000 words) detailing the steps of the assignment. Include n your study: I) Introduction- Briefly explain the reason for the study. Include the hypothesis and how it was tested. II) Method- briefly explain how the experiment was conducted: (1) Participants- How many? What were the relevant characteristics (male/female, ages, etc. )? (2) Instrument- Briefly explain the survey used to compile the data. Ill) Procedure- Were there groups? How was data compiled? How was the data measured? Make sure you clarify the study for the reader. Iv) Results- Record the mean differences on how you scored on self-esteem in these different groups. How 2) Include the F-ratio v) Discussion: Include interpretation of results, ethical concerns, limitations of study, and suggestions for future research. (1) Was the hypothesis supported? (2) What can you generalize from the study? V’) References- List all references of literature used for this study. 5) Prepare the Final Study portion of this assignment according to the PAP guidelines found in the PAP Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. 6) Submit the Final Study assignment as one deliverable to the instructor by the end of Module 8. How to cite Between Subjects Design, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Master Harold Differing Influences On Fugard Essay Example For Students

Master Harold: Differing Influences On Fugard Essay Athol Fugards drama, Master Harold . . . And The Boys, waswritten during a time of great conflict in South Africa, where hewas raised. Fugard was torn between his mother, who wasAfrikaaner, (1291) and his father, who was of English decent(1291). These differing influences caused Fugard to use thediscussions between Sam and Hally to demonstrate the religious,racial, and political tensions of his lifetime in South Africa. The discussion between Sam and Hally about who was a man ofmagnitude (1300) represents the religious tensions of Fugardslifetime in South Africa between the growing belief in evolutionand Jesus Christs teaching of Creation. Hally says that CharlesDarwin was a man of magnitude, (1300) because he was somebodywho benefited all mankind (1301). He admires Darwin for hisTheory of Evolution (1301), which according to Hally, proveswhere we come from and what it all means (1301). Sam totallydisagrees with Darwins Theory of Evolution (1301) becauseevolution is in contrast to the Bibles teaching on Creationism,and he says that just because it is in a book it does not mean got to believe it (1301). Sam believes that JesusChrist (1302) was a man of magnitude (1300). Hally isobviously against Sams suggestion of Jesus Christ, because Hallymakes it clear that he is an atheist (1303). This disagreementbetween Sam and Hally is really just an example of the religioustensions in South Africa during Fuga rds lifetime between theTheory of Evolution, (1301) which was becoming more accepted,and Christianity, which was taught by Jesus Christ. A second discussion between Sam and Hally that occurs after Hallylearns that his father has gone home demonstrates the racialtensions of Fugards lifetime in South Africa. When Sam startslecturing Hally about how he treats his father, Hally becomesangry and tells Sam that he is treading on dangerous ground(1321). Hally also tells Sam that his mother is right(1322)about warning about allowing you to get to familiar(1322). The climax of the argument is when Hally tells Sam thathe is only a servant (1322). This is the first noticeablestatement that Hally makes that demonstrates the racial tensionsexperienced in South Africa. The next racial statement Hallymakes is when he tells Sam that his father is his boss becausehes a white man and thats good enough for (1322). Hally then takes things even further by commanding Sam to startcalling Master Harold (1323). Hally tells Sam that if hedoesnt follow this command that he might just lose job(1323). Hally really makes matters worse when he tells Sam hisfathers favorite joke. His father would ask Hally, Its notfair, is it, Hally (1323)? Then Hally would ask, What, chum(1323)? Then his father would say, A niggers arse (1323). Another example of the racial tensions during the argument ismade when Sam points out that when Hallys father got drunk at abar, that Hally had to go in first . . . to ask permission(1325) for Sam to be able to go in to get his father. A finaland the most noticeable example of the racial tensions in SouthAfrica is made by Sam when he informs Hally about the reason whyhe didnt stay with him the day they flew the kite. Sam tellsHally that the bench he had sat on was a Whites Only (1325)bench and Sam wasnt allowed to sit on it.All of theseexamples are used to represent the racial tensions that werepresent in Fugards lifetime in South Africa. .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 , .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .postImageUrl , .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 , .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:hover , .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:visited , .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:active { border:0!important; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:active , .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441 .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebb95ef1a784721e03cd07ea72909441:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Virtual Banking EssayThe final discussion between Sam and Hally about theirexperiences during the day and the dance championship that Samand Willie are going to participate in demonstrates the politicaltensions in the world during Fugards lifetime. Sam points outto Hally that people are bumping into each other all the time(1317) and nobody knows the steps and theres no music playing(1317). Sam said, Ive bumped into Willie, the two of us havebumped into you, youve bumped into your mother, she bumping intoyour Dad_(1317). Sam is using their experiences that day torepresent how countries are in constant conflict. He points outto Hally that America has bumped into Russia, Engl and is bumpinginto India, rich man bumps into poor man (1317). Sam says thatat the dance, theyre going to see six couples get it right, theway we want life to be (1317-1318). Sam uses the dance torepresent the hope that was held by people in Fugards lifetimeabout the political future of the world by looking at these sixcouples success. He convinces Hally that the world does havehope for political stability because Hally states that maybethere is some hope for mankind after all (1318). Sam uses allof these examples about their experiences during the day and thedance championship to demonstrate the political tensions thatwere present in Fugards lifetime. Although the discussions between Sam and Hally seem to beconfined to the characters lives, the discussions are much morecomplex than they appear. These three discussions between Samand Hally demonstrate the religious, racial, and politicaltensions that Athol Fugard grew up facing in South Africa. Thediscussion about who is a man of magnitude (1300) demonstratesthe religious tensions. The second discussion that occurs afterHally learns that his father is coming home demonstrates theracial tensions. Finally, the third discussion about Sam andHallys experiences during the day and the dance championshipdemonstrates the political tensions of Fugards lifetime in SouthAfrica.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Great Gatsby By Fitzerald Essays (672 words) - The Great Gatsby

Great Gatsby By Fitzerald The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, deals with the difficulty of attaining the American dream. The American dream is different for every individual, but Jay Gatsby, the main character of the novel, believes the American dream is eternal ha iness through love. Gatsby thinks the only way for him to reach the American dream is to harness his old dreams of the past with Daisy. Gatsby exploits wealth and power to reach this goal. The novel uses love, an unusual narrator, and death to reveal th downfall of individuals who attempt to reach the unobtainable goals of the American dream. Fitzgerald employs love to reveal the downfall of individuals who attempt to obtain the imaginary goals of the American dream. The love falls between Gatsby and Daisy. Gatsby concludes that he will reach his goals of the American dream by being happy w h Daisy again. Fitzgerald writes, "Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay." (79) Gatsby uses his wealth to move himself closer to the American dream. Gatsby has based his whole life on the hope of again being with Daisy. Fit erald further implies this idea when he writes, "I think he half expected her to wander into one of his parties, some night, but she never did. Then he began asking people casually if they knew her, and I was the first one he found." (80) Gatsby continu to throw these gigantic parties because he wants Daisy back. Gatsby's goals of finding Daisy have started to control his whole life. The total power of Gatsby's obsession is understood when one of Gatsby's servants says, "Gatsby has read a Chicago pape for years just on the chance of catching a glimpse of Daisy's name." (80) Gatsby throws parties, reads newspapers, and buys a home because of his potent love for Daisy. Gatsby configures all his time in pursuit of goals based around the American dream. Nick Carraway, the unusual narrator, is utilized by Fitzgerald to help Gatsby find his American dream. Nick is also used to show Gatsby the absurdity of his unobtainable dream. Nick continually tries to make Gatsby understand the foolishness of his Ame can dream; however, Gatsby always responds to Nick's position by saying, "Old sport..." Gatsby has tremendous confidence that the pursuit of his American dream is upright and important. Nick joins in the battle to bring Gatsby closer to his American dream "He wants to know...if you'll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over" (80). Nick arranges for Daisy to come over for tea so Gatsby can pop over and meet Daisy again. Nick goes along with the plan because he wants to help Gats realize how insane his illusionary goals are. Nick is certain that this endless pursuit of an unattainable dream will eventually lead to Gatsby's downfall. The downfall of Gatsby eventually catches up with him when it leads to his death. Gatsby's death results from the long quest of his American dream, Daisy. Nick's quest leads him to say that he was responsible for killing Myrtle Wilson, "Was Daisy drivi ? Yes...but of course I'll say I was." (144) This will inevitably lead to Gatsby's death. Wilson, Myrtle's wife, seeks revenge on Myrtle's killer by shooting Gatsby. Gatsby ends up paying the ultimate price for his dream of finally being with Daisy. Gatsb s inevitable and tragic downfall holds true. Gatsby dedicated his life to his dream and the second his dream was almost reality the undeniable downfall began, "He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he cou hardly fail to grasp it. Gatsby's dream appeared to be within his boundaries, but Gatsby ended up dying for the dream before he knew what he had. Gatsby lived a short life trying to attain one thing, The American Dream. That is what he really wanted in life. Gatsby lived his life for Daisy, He would have done anything for her. She was the world to him, and his life was not complete without her. e love for Daisy, the narrator who seems to know everything, and the unexpected death of Gatsby, are used in the search of the American Dream.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Agendas of the US House of Representatives and Senate

Agendas of the US House of Representatives and Senate The House of Representatives and the Senate make up the two â€Å"chambers† of the Legislative Branch of the United States federal government. Their daily agendas of legislative business are determined by their presiding officers. In the House of Representatives, the Speaker of the House sets the daily agenda, while the Senate’s legislative calendar is set by the Senate majority leader in consultation with the chairmen and ranking members of the various Senate committees. 116th U.S.Congress, 1st Session Agenda items listed here are those published in the Daily Digest of the Congressional Record. The agendas are subject to change at any time at the discretion of the presiding officers. House Agenda for August 2, 2019:  Ã‚  House will meet in Pro Forma session. Note: The rules of suspensions is a shortcut in the legislative process allowing bills with little or no opposition to be grouped together on a Suspensions Calendar and passed en-masse by a voice vote without debate. There is no corresponding rule of suspensions in the Senate. House Roll Call Votes as compiled and reported by the Clerk of the House. Political Makeup of the House 235 Democrats - 199 Republicans - 0 Independents - 1 Vacancy   Senate Agenda for August 2, 2019:   Senate will meet in Pro Forma session   Political Makeup of the Senate 53 Republicans - 45 Democrats - 2 Independents Also See: Quick Study Guide to the US CongressWhat is a Pro Forma Session of Congress?The Supermajority Vote in Congress

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 11

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references. How, if at all, does - Essay Example For explicit jurisdictions of laws of duty care three tests and their accompanying principles are conducted, that is, the evaluation of whether the harm was reasonably foreseeable; whether there is a requisite degree of proximity between the claimant and the defendant, and whether is it fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care in line with public policy concerns (Bruggemeier, 2004, 4). With a variety of recognizable situations such as one road user to another, manufacturer to consumer, doctor to patient and solicitor to client; where courts recognize existence of duty of care, this paper will evaluate employer to employee common law of duty care in relation to references given to potential employers. In our case, the references would fall in the doctrine of â€Å"Respondeat Superior† or â€Å"let the master answer†, in which the university is the master and the potential employer and/or the graduate is the agent, such that the university is charged with respon sibilities of negligence (Giliker, 2010, pp.4-5). For instance, the university owes duty care to the graduate in relation to giving background/ academic information to the potential employer and in cases where the university provides false information to the employer on the competence of the potential employee, then university is charged with legal responsibility of lack of care on the part of the employer in relation to the employee. Defamation is a liability with which communication or any social exchange of given parties tend to harm the reputation of another, lowering or under-estimating his/ her association with other people or the environment (Shuy, 2010, 2). In our case for instance, the university exchanges information on the graduate’s competencies which in one way or another, intentionally or negligently, is false and/or ruins the graduate’s chances of getting hired and his/her future career path and profession. For this matter, the tests of whether the harm was reasonably foreseeable will depend on the information leaked to the potential employer in relation to the morally accepted or the limit of personal information that the institution is supposed to share. The degree of proximity between the claimant and defendant, graduate and the university respectively, will apply in that the case law for academic institutions is to guide the graduates along their career paths and defamation at this point would make the university legally liable. The clause of whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care in relation to public policy would differ in such a case depending with the sensitivity of the information and its relevance to the potential employer (Glanon, 2010, 12). For example, on the issues of integrity and competence/qualifications on some sectors of the economy such as public finance, internal security or public health, the institution ought to give the information regardless of the defamation injuries to the gradua te; basing the argument on the public policy concerns, and thus differing from the provisions of the duty care. Truth and privilege are the major defenses to the defamation claims that waive the